International Journal of Energy Engineering 
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International Journal of Energy Engineering(IJEE)
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ISSN:2225-6563(Print)
ISSN:2225-6571(Online)
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Frequency: Quarterly
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Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Sri Bandyopadhyay(Australia)
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Papers in Energy Sustainability as Related to Energy and Power Production, Distribution, and Usage
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Experimental Study on Solar Parabolic Dish Thermoelectric Generator
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Abstract:The applications of solar dish and thermoelectric generator have the research potential as green and clean energy generation from solar thermal route. In this paper, an attempt has been made to conduct an experimental study on small scale solar parabolic dish thermoelectric generator. The solar parabolic dish collector is fabricated using an unused satellite dish antenna fitted with polished aluminum sheet as concentrator surface. Thermoelectric generator consists of commercial thermoelectric modules embedded between the receiver plate and water cooled heat sink which is placed on the focal plane of manual tracking parabolic dish collector. The concentrated solar radiation and water cooled heat sink is the driving potential to generate electricity, various operating parameters like receiver plate temperature, power output and conversion efficiency with respect to solar radiation are studied. It is found that the receiver plate temperature is significantly affecting the power output. Also, in this study it is identified to reuse the unused dish antenna for solar collector and coupled with commercial thermoelectric module is simple fabrication method easy to adopt in the rural techno craft for small scale power generator to meet the isolated energy demands.
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Author:M. Eswaramoorthy, S. Shanmugam, AR. Veerappan
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:2779KB), pp.62-66,
Pub. Date:
2013-
06-05, DownLoad:
6211
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Solar Pump Application in Rural Water Supply - A Case Study from Ethiopia
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Abstract:Utilization of solar energy for drinking water supply pumping is a feasible solution especially for remote villages and homes far from power grid. Using photovoltaic (PV) pumps has predominant advantages where grid connection is not available, good solar conditions exist, and distances from transport facilities are long.
In solar powered pumps, pumping and transporting water from the source to end user requires a lot of energy. The energy required for pumping and transporting water can be obtained from solar powered pumps. The overall objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of solar powered pump/solar photovoltaic pump for drinking water supply in rural areas of Ethiopia and to compare the economics of photovoltaic pump with diesel generator powered pump.
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Author:Asefa Kabade, Abha Rajoriya, U. C. Chaubey
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:288KB), pp.176-182,
Pub. Date:
2013-
10-29, DownLoad:
4309
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Investigation into Remote Monitoring of Power Transformers using SCADA
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Abstract:This paper investigates the use of internet-based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to monitor power transformer parameters remotely and to investigate into how personnel can have access to their system regardless of their location. There are several parameters that can be monitored for efficient operation of a power transformer, although temperature, voltage, load and bushing condition are considered in this work because they are the major cause of transformer failure. In carrying out this work, the software and hardware components required to carry out the remote monitoring function was considered. Means of preventing hackers from getting access to the network have been considered. The implementation of the monitoring system will help to save running cost by optimising maintenance schedule and reduce risk of failure to the power transformer.
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Author:Solomon Nunoo, Edward Kofi Mahama
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:184KB), pp.213-219,
Pub. Date:
2013-
12-20, DownLoad:
3484
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Energy Efficiency and Conservation Measures: Tools for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria
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Abstract:Energy is an important production factor and therefore should be managed in parallel with land, labor and capital. Energy resources and their utilization intimately relate to sustainable development. In attaining sustainable development, increasing the energy efficiencies of processes utilizing sustainable energy resources plays an important role. A sustainable energy system may be regarded as a cost-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy system that effectively utilizes local resources and networks. Energy efficiency and conservation measures have the potential to promote economic development, ensuring access to energy and can lead to job creation and saving of personal income. More also, energy efficiency will play a pivotal role in the mitigation of climate change. In Nigeria, up to half of the energy currently consumed can be saved in the country if energy is efficiently utilized. The major challenge has been that energy policy in Nigeria has undermined the importance and gains of energy efficiency to the environment and economic growth. This paper assesses possible ways to efficient energy utilization and conservation measures for sustainable energy development in economic sectors in Nigeria.
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Author:OYEDEPO Sunday Olayinka
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:808KB), pp.86-98,
Pub. Date:
2012-
08-30, DownLoad:
3225
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An Experimental Study on Biomass Gasifier for Burner System
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Abstract:An Experimental study on biomass gasifier for burner system is presented in this paper. Biomass gasifier is developed and An Experimental study on biomass gasifier for burner system is presented in this paper. Biomass gasifier is developed and tested by using coconut shell as fuel for producing bio-gas. The generated bio-gas is directly used in burner system for combustion process and heating applications. The activated carbon is a waste product in this process, which is highly in demand for water purification system and can, sold to neutralize the fuel cost. In this work a Biomass Gasifier is designed, fabricated and commissioned to get biogas with carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide.
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Author:K. R. Dhurai, K. Ramalingam, R. Velavan, M. Eswaramoorthy
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:425KB), pp.36-39,
Pub. Date:
2012-
05-14, DownLoad:
3066
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Solar-Coal Hybrid Thermal Power Generation —an Efficient Way to Use Solar Energy in China
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Abstract:To solve the problem of high initial investment and low thermal performance for solar alone thermal power plant, solar/fossil fuels hybrid power system has become a trend of solar thermal power generation in recent years. China is rich in coal and solar energy. At present, coal is the main resource in generating electricity in China. Therefore, solar integrated with conventional coal-fired power generation cycles is considered the best way in China. As an option for easy operation and control flexibility, solar aided feedwater heating of a coal-fired power generation system is discussed and analyzed in this paper. Compared to the common hybrid power system, the main feature of this generation system is, the thermal oil carrying solar energy replaces the extraction steam to heat the feed water and the steam thus saved can continue to do work. Because the solar heat does not enter the turbine, the efficiency (of solar to power) is not limited by the temperature of the solar heat. The performance of the integrated system with different replacements is analyzed based on an example and the impact of solar collector areas and DNI (direct normal irradiation) on the performance of the generation system is discussed as well. The results show that the new integrated system not only contributes to increasing the efficiency of the conventional power station and reducing its emission of greenhouse gases, but also increases the efficiency of solar to electricity; further LEC is also reduced considerably compared with solar only thermal power system. However, the results also indicate that the replacement type, solar collector areas and DNI have great influence on the generation system.
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Author:Hongjuan Hou, Jian Mao, Yongping Yang, Na Luo
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:429KB), pp.137-142,
Pub. Date:
2012-
11-22, DownLoad:
2366
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An X-ray Diffraction and Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Solvated Li-Graphite Intercalation Compounds
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Abstract:Stage I C6Li and stage II C12Li were prepared using
a low temperature liquid lithium route. Small angle X-ray
scattering measurements of both pristine binary compounds
indicated that the surfaces are highly dissected. As a result
using a mixed layered graphite precursor containing pregraphitic,
chemically distinct lamellar domains, both C6Li and
C12Li produced an additional suite of ternary structures after
successive intercalation with Li and THF. The use of a THF–
Li–graphite ternary compound to entrap LiBH4 for hydride
storage is explored.
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Author:Mark J. Henderson, John W. White
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:1342KB), pp.19-26,
Pub. Date:
2011-
08-15, DownLoad:
2293
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Experimental Study of Sunearth Flat Plate Solar Collector
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Abstract:In this paper, results are presented for the testing of a flat plate solar thermal collector. A wealth of technical data regarding the SUNEARTH vendor name brand of flat plate solar collectors is presented to provide references for Solar Engineers. The thermal performance curve is used to determine the air-collector heat removal factor of the device, which is then compared with the manufacturer’s data. The diurnal system efficiency characteristics of this device are also presented herein. These results afford a pragmatic baseline for other researchers seeking to benchmark the performance of their solar collectors.
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Author:K. R. Anderson, S. Hill, C. Selerberg, E. Guiterez
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:1422KB), pp.31-37,
Pub. Date:
2014-
02-28, DownLoad:
2141
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More Efficient Production Line: Desalination Plants by Using Reverse Osmosis
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Abstract:The cost analysis of desalinated water cubic meter produced by reverse osmosis has been widely studied. However, the production lines capacities in these plants are normally different. Usually, a desalination plant has a number of lines with identical productions, whose summary corresponds to the total production capacity. Cost optimization of the most efficient production line affects the scale economy.
The destination of this article is within reach of small desalination plants in the range between 500 to 15,000 m3/day in the Canary Islands. This specified range is the most established in the islands. More than 90% of the desalination plants have a production capacity corresponding to the selected range.
The methodology used consists in calculating each one of the costs involved in the seawater desalination process, applying actual prices and obtaining a graphic serial according to prices tolerance, from -5% to a value of +5%. Concerning staff costs, it has been recovered data from the iron and steel industrial sector collective agreement of the Autonomous Community.
In this article it presents that all the elements directly affect each one of the costs, equations and formula based on factors affecting each one of them, with actual market prices in the Autonomous Community of Canary Islands, making all calculations and obtaining a family of costs graphics for each one.
As an innovative and original article, it presents the real costs for small desalination plants, for the established range. It presents a new cost, to bear in mind, according to current regulations, which is the environmental cost, based, among other things, on solving the problem of brine spills directly into the sea.
Lastly, this article, as a final result, presents the total value of the cost in €/m3 with the results and graphics for each plant between the before established range in the Canary Islands, obtaining according to them, the most efficient production line. The results are based on a small fluctuating scale economy.
The aim of our work is to study the influence of the fouling factor and temperature according to the desired production on the cost in €/m3. Based on it we study the operational and functional costs searching for the production line with the best efficiency. The temperature and the fouling factor are fundamental, observing that there is a saving of 0.3 €/m3.
The most efficient production line for reverse osmosis desalination plants in the range of 500 to 15,000 m3/day correspond to a production of 5,000 m3/day, with a conversion factor of 45% at 21ºC of temperature and with a fouling factor of 1.
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Author:Luis Alvarez, J. Jaime Sadhwani, José Feo
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:275KB), pp.183-193,
Pub. Date:
2013-
10-29, DownLoad:
2035
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Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Molasses in an Activated Sludge Immobilized Bioreactor
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Abstract:This study evaluated the possibility of using granular activated carbon as support material for biohydrogen production in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR was inoculated with aeration pre-treated sludge and operated at temperature of 36 °C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. It was found that both biogas and hydrogen yields increased with OLR at the range of 8-24 d. The biogas was mainly composed of CO2 and H2 with the percentage of H2 ranging from 38.4% to 41% in biogas. The maximum hydrogen production rate of 3.65 L was obtained in the reactor at OLR of 24 kg/m3d. The granular activated carbon could make the hydrogen-producing system stable regarding hydrogen production, pH value and microbial by-products and could be used as support material for fermentative hydrogen production.
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Author:Han Wei, Wang Bing, Liu Xiaoye, Liu Chunyu, Yue Liran, Li Yongfeng
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:107KB), pp.28-31,
Pub. Date:
2012-
02-14, DownLoad:
1943
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Simulation of a Hybrid Power System Consisting of Wind Turbine, PV, Storage Battery and Diesel Generator: Design, Optimization and Economical Evaluation
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Abstract:Hybrid power systems are based on renewable energy sources and especially on photovoltaic and wind energy systems. Software package is used to analyze measuring data for wind speed and solar radiation of two locations in Palestine (Ramallah and Nablus). Results of analysis illustrate that energy density available in wind for Ramallah site is about 2008 kWh/m2 .year, while it is 927 kWh/m2 .year for Nablus site. The daily average of solar radiation intensity on horizontal surface is about 5.4 kWh/m2 .day. A Matlab software package is used to simulate different scenarios of operation of the hybrid system by making energy balance calculations on an hourly basis for each of the 8760 hours in a year. This enable to choose the appropriate sizes of the different components for the most optimum scenario. The optimization is based on cost of generation. Results of the simulation illustrate that the most economic scenario is the scenario that uses a hybrid system mainly dependent on wind. Cost of energy (COE) in this scenario is 1.28 NIS/kWh(͠ 0.35 $/kWh). Other scenarios dependent on wind-diesel hybrid system, PV-diesel hybrid system, wind stand-alone system, PV stand-alone system, or diesel only, give results of COE greater than this value. It was concluded that none of the hybrid system scenarios analyzed could be justified to replace purchasing of electricity from the grid where the COE is 0.70 NIS/kWh(0.19 $/kWh). Keywords— Hybrid Power System; Matlab; Wind Power; Photovoltaic; Energy Cost; CO2 Production ; Weibull Distribution; Diesel Generator
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Author:Abdel-Karim Daud, M. Ismail, Marwan M. Mahmoud, Walid Kukhun
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:121KB), pp.56-61,
Pub. Date:
2011-
08-15, DownLoad:
1932
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Performance Study of a Double Pass, Hybrid -Type Solar Air Heater with Slats
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Abstract:A solar hybrid energy system having photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) devices, which produces both thermal and electrical energies simultaneously is considered for analysis. A double pass hybrid solar air (PV/T) heater with slats is designed and fabricated to study its thermal and electrical performance. Air as a heat removing fluid is made to flow through upper and lower channels of the collector. The collector is designed in such way that the absorber plate is partially covered by solar cells. The raise in temperature of the solar cell is expected to decrease its electrical performance. Thin metallic strips called slats are attached longitudinally at the bottom side of the absorber plate to improve the system performance by increasing the cooling rate of the absorber plate. Thermal and electrical performances of the whole system at varying cooling conditions are also presented.
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Author:Mokalla. Srinivas, Simon. Jayaraj
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:581KB), pp.112-121,
Pub. Date:
2013-
08-26, DownLoad:
1754
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Performance Analysis of The Simple Low Cost Buck-Boost Ac-Ac Converter
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Abstract:A simple voltage converter based on LC network is capable of bucking and boosting the voltage level of input supply without any phase difference. The number of reactive components and switches used in the circuit is minimum. The paper presents the working principle and elaborates performance evaluation of this converter in different operating conditions. High speed IGBTs are used as bi-directional switch of the ac-ac converter and it is able to deliver smooth variable output voltage across the load without using any additional filter. The optimise use of the LC network helps to make the circuit simple, small size and cost-effective. The effects of L and C were studied separately and the quality of the output was examined with total harmonic distortion. The effect of switching frequency over the performance is also presented. The converter operation was verified with suitable experimental support.
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Author:Santosh Sonar, T. Maity, T. Maity
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:207KB), pp.105-110,
Pub. Date:
2014-
06-10, DownLoad:
1612
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Risk Analysis of Oil/Gas Leakage of Subsea Production System Based on Fuzzy Fault Tree
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Abstract:Subsea production system, being of high value to deep water oil and gas production, has become more and more important recently. Simultaneously, issues related to its safety and reliability is hotly disputed by engineers and scholars. Based on fuzzy fault tree, risk analysis of oil and gas leakage is successfully completed. Through the construction of fault tree, qualitative analysis is conducted, obtaining minimum cut sets and cut-sets importance. Moreover, quantitative analysis, based on theory of fuzzy sets, is employed, through which we work out failure probability, probabilistic importance and critical importance. The above-mentioned results serve as a good reference to avoid oil and gas leakage in subsea production system.
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Author:Haitao Zhang, Menglan Duan, Mingchen Ni, Xianwei Hu
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:618KB), pp.79-85,
Pub. Date:
2012-
08-30, DownLoad:
1594
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Experimental Study on the Performances of Spark Ignition Engine with Alcohol-Gasoline Blends as Fuel
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Abstract:The excessive use of fossil fuels will certainly lead to the energy crisis and unsustainable condition of the environment in future. In this paper, the performance characteristics have been studied experimentally for a spark ignition engine running with different gasoline-alcohol (ethanol and methanol) blends as alternative fuels. It is observed that the brake thermal efficiency increases by more than 6% with 40% addition of ethanol or methanol to gasoline. Volumetric efficiency also increases due to alcohol addition to gasoline. Brake specific fuel consumption increases approximately by 20% with 30% alcohol addition. The maximum exhaust gas temperature decreases by 14% with methanol and 10% with ethanol for a blending of 40% alcohol with gasoline by volume.
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Author:Ambarish Datta, Achin Kumar Chowdhuri, Bijan Kumar Mandal
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Abstract | References Full Paper: PDF
(Size:433KB), pp.22-27,
Pub. Date:
2012-
02-14, DownLoad:
1411
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